Background
The noble gas anaesthetic, xenon has previously been shown to protect the adult myocardium
from ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, however its effect on immature myocardium
is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of xenon on the isolated
immature heart.
Methods
Isolated, immature (2–3 weeks old) New Zealand rabbit hearts were perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer via
Langendorff-mode. After 20 min of baseline equilibration, hearts were pretreated with 75% xenon, 75% xenon + 100 μM diazoxide, or 75% xenon + 100 μM 5-hydroxydecanoate, and then subjected to 1 h of global ischaemia and 3 h of reperfusion.
Results
Pretreatment with 75% xenon significantly improved cardiac function (P < 0.01 vs. the I/R group, respectively), limited myocardial infarct size (20.83 ± 2.16%, P < 0.01 vs. 35.82 ± 2.14% of the I/R group), reduced cardiac enzyme release (CK-MB, 1.00 ± 0.19 IU/L, P < 0.01 vs. 0.44 ± 0.14 IU/L of the I/R group; LDH, 6.15 ± 1.06 IU/L P < 0.01 vs. 3.49 ± 0.37 IU/L of the I/R group) and decreased apoptosis (6.17 ± 0.56%, P < 0.01 vs. 11.31 ± 0.93% of the I/R group). In addition, the mitochondrial structure changes caused by
I/R injury were largely prevented by 75% xenon pretreatment (1.37 ± 0.16, P < 0.01 vs. 2.32 ± 0.13 of the I/R group). The mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium
(mitoKATP) channel opener diazoxide did not influence the effect of xenon, but the specific
mitoKATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate completely abolished this effect.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that pretreatment with 75% xenon protected immature heart from
I/R injury, and this protection was probably mediated by preservation of myocardial
mitochondria and opening of mitoKATP channel.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Heart, Lung and CirculationAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Cardiac cell therapy – mixed results from mixed cells.N Engl J Med. 2006; 355: 1274-1277
- Anesthetic myocardial protection with sevoflurane.J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2004; 18: 269-274
- The immature heart and anesthesia.Anesthesiology. 1997; 87: 1529-1548
- Effects of cold cardioplegia on pH, Na, and Ca in newborn rabbit hearts.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006; 290: H1090-H1097
- Age-dependent and hypoxia-related differences in myocardial protection during pediatric open heart surgery.Circulation. 2001; 103: 1551-1556
- Preliminary observations on the narcotic effect of xenon with a review of values for solubilities of gases in water and oils.J Physiol. 1946; 105: 197-204
- Xenon or propofol anaesthesia for patients at cardiovascular risk in non-cardiac surgery.Br J Anaesth. 2008; 100: 605-611
- Xenon preconditioning: the role of prosurvival signaling, mitochondrial permeability transition and bioenergetics in rats.Anesth Analg. 2009; 108: 858-866
- Cardioprotection by noble gases.J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2010; 24: 143-163
- Upstream signaling of protein kinase C-epsilon in xenon-induced pharmacological preconditioning. Implication of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate dependent potassium channels and phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase-1.Eur J Pharmacol. 2006; 539: 1-9
- Mechanisms of xenon- and isoflurane-induced preconditioning – a potential link to the cytoskeleton via the MAPKAPK-2/HSP27 pathway.Br J Pharmacol. 2005; 146: 445-455
- Xenon and sevoflurane protect against brain injury in a neonatal asphyxia model.Anesthesiology. 2008; 109: 782-789
- Postnatal changes in contractile time parameters, calcium regulatory proteins, and phosphatases.Am J Physiol. 1998; 274: H2123-H2132
- Determination partition coefficients of xenon in lipid emulsion of different concentration by GC–MS.Hua Xi Yao Xue Za Zhi. 2007; 22: 423-430
- Polymerized placenta hemoglobin attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury and restores the nitroso-redox balance in isolated rat heart.Free Radic Biol Med. 2009; 46: 397-405
- Protective effects of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier given to isolated heart during ischemia via attenuation of mitochondrial oxidative damage.Free Radic Biol Med. 2010; 48: 1079-1089
- Hydrogen sulfide attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by preservation of mitochondrial function.Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2007; 104: 15560-15565
- Ultrastructrual and cytochemical correlates of myocardial protection by cardiac hypothermia in man.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1980; 79: 413
- The noble gas xenon induces pharmacological preconditioning in the rat heart in vivo via induction of PKC-epsilon and p38 MAPK.Br J Pharmacol. 2005; 144: 123-132
- Xenon: an element of protection.Trends Anesth Crit Care. 2011; 1: 238-242
- Adolescent feline heart contains a population of small, proliferative ventricular myocytes with immature physiological properties.Circ Res. 2007; 100: 536-544
- The effect of xenon on isoflurane protection against experimental myocardial infarction.J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2009; 23: 614-618
- Neonatal vulnerability to ischemia and reperfusion: cardioplegic arrest causes greater myocardial apoptosis in neonatal lambs than in mature lambs.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004; 127: 490-497
- Inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger protects the immature rabbit myocardium from ischemia and reperfusion injury.Pediatr Cardiol. 2008; 29: 113-120
- Delayed cardioprotection by isoflurane: role of KATP channels.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002; 283: H61-H68
- Preconditioning in immature rabbit hearts.Circulation. 1999; 99: 1249-1254
Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 26, 2012
Accepted:
October 30,
2012
Received in revised form:
October 29,
2012
Received:
September 13,
2012
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
