Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an important member of the innate immune response receptor
toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, which plays a vital role in regulating immune response,
promoting the maturation and differentiation of immune cells, and participating in
the response of pro-inflammatory factors. TLR3 is activated by pathogen-associated
molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, which support the pathophysiology
of many diseases related to inflammation. An increasing number of studies have confirmed
that TLR3, as a crucial medium of innate immunity, participates in the occurrence
and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regulating the transcription
and translation of various cytokines, thus affecting the structure and physiological
function of resident cells in the cardiovascular system, including vascular endothelial
cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages.
The dysfunction and structural damage of vascular endothelial cells and proliferation
of vascular smooth muscle cells are the key factors in the occurrence of vascular
diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial hypertrophy,
myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Meanwhile,
cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages are involved in the development of CVDs.
Therefore, the purpose of this review was to explore the latest research published
on TLR3 in CVDs and discuss current understanding of potential mechanisms by which
TLR3 contributes to CVDs. Even though TLR3 is a developing area, it has strong treatment
potential as an immunomodulator and deserves further study for clinical translation.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 30, 2022
Accepted:
February 17,
2022
Received in revised form:
February 8,
2022
Received:
July 22,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
